TY - JOUR
T1 - Safe drinking water for rural communities using a low-cost household system. Effects of water matrix and field testing
AU - Pichel, N.
AU - Lubarsky, H.
AU - Afkhami, A.
AU - Baldasso, V.
AU - Botero, L.
AU - Salazar, J.
AU - Hincapie, M.
AU - Byrne, J. A.
AU - Fernandez-Ibañez, P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is part of SAFEWATER projects supported by Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) UK Research and Innovation (SAFEWATER; EP-SRC Grant Reference EP/P032427/1 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - The relationship between turbidity (T) and ultraviolet C (UVC) disinfection is still not clearly understood, as well as no attention has been paid to the contribution of natural organic matter (NOM). The present work assessed the influence of particulate and NOM on the UVC disinfection efficiency in terms of E. coli and MS2 removal at bench collimated beam (CB) and flow-UVC systems, both in the laboratory and in the field (Colombia). The flow-UVC reactor was installed as part of a household water treatment (HWT) system consisting of filtration + UVC disinfection. Tests were performed according to the WHO standards using fine test dust, humic acid (HA), and MS2 and E. coli as microbiological indicators. CB results showed a significant decrease in the inactivation rate of MS2 in the presence of small concentrations of HA (3.5 mg/L), with killing dose increasing a 65%, vs. non-significant effects of turbidity in the range of 0–20 NTU. Following the same trend, in flow-UVC tests the inactivation efficiency of MS2 decreased solely in the presence of HA. At the same HA concentration and flow rate, an increase in turbidity of 17.6 NTU showed a negligible effect. Conversely, in the presence of HA, UVT254 dropped from 88.7% (0 mg/L HA) to 73.3%, reducing MS2 inactivation by 1–2 log-units. Finally, the HWT system could be classified as protective working at flow rates ≤5 L/min. However, in the presence of 3.5 mg/L HA (UVT254 < 75%), it presented a limited protection for viruses.
AB - The relationship between turbidity (T) and ultraviolet C (UVC) disinfection is still not clearly understood, as well as no attention has been paid to the contribution of natural organic matter (NOM). The present work assessed the influence of particulate and NOM on the UVC disinfection efficiency in terms of E. coli and MS2 removal at bench collimated beam (CB) and flow-UVC systems, both in the laboratory and in the field (Colombia). The flow-UVC reactor was installed as part of a household water treatment (HWT) system consisting of filtration + UVC disinfection. Tests were performed according to the WHO standards using fine test dust, humic acid (HA), and MS2 and E. coli as microbiological indicators. CB results showed a significant decrease in the inactivation rate of MS2 in the presence of small concentrations of HA (3.5 mg/L), with killing dose increasing a 65%, vs. non-significant effects of turbidity in the range of 0–20 NTU. Following the same trend, in flow-UVC tests the inactivation efficiency of MS2 decreased solely in the presence of HA. At the same HA concentration and flow rate, an increase in turbidity of 17.6 NTU showed a negligible effect. Conversely, in the presence of HA, UVT254 dropped from 88.7% (0 mg/L HA) to 73.3%, reducing MS2 inactivation by 1–2 log-units. Finally, the HWT system could be classified as protective working at flow rates ≤5 L/min. However, in the presence of 3.5 mg/L HA (UVT254 < 75%), it presented a limited protection for viruses.
KW - Drinking water
KW - Humic acid
KW - MS2
KW - Turbidity
KW - UVC disinfection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118677831&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102400
DO - 10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102400
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85118677831
SN - 2214-7144
VL - 44
JO - Journal of Water Process Engineering
JF - Journal of Water Process Engineering
M1 - 102400
ER -
